The primary prevention of sexual violence against adolescents in Racine County and the Community Readiness Model

Sexual violence affects tens of thousands of people annually in the United States. The majority of sexual assault victims are under the age of 18. Victims of sexual violence often experience severe, long-lasting ramifications, including post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, interpersonal problems, suicidal ideation, self-harm behaviors, and eating disorders. As a result of these effects, it is imperative that communities provide effective primary prevention of sexual violence programs. However, it is challenging to effectively implement sexual violence primary prevention strategies for a variety of reasons. One challenge is because it is difficult to construct a prevention program that changes the social norms and cultural beliefs that both contribute to sexual violence and are reinforced on a daily basis through society\u27s social structures and media influences. A second, and related, challenge is the difficulty of implementing effective prevention strategies that specifically address the cultural norms and belief systems of a particular community. These challenges are addressed in this study through the Community Readiness Model (CRM). The CRM is a qualitative model of community assessment used to match a prevention strategy to the social norms and culture of a specific community. The CRM assesses a community along six Dimensions and nine Stages of Readiness. This study was completed in rural and urban Racine County, Wisconsin. Results indicated that both the rural and urban Racine County communities were at the Vague Awareness stage of readiness to implement primary prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of sexual violence against adolescents. Implications of the study are provided including possible primary prevention implementation strategies that match the levels of readiness within the communities. Theoretical and methodological limitations of this research are presented, as well as the study\u27s implications for future research

Can Boundary Crossings in Clinical Supervision be Beneficial?

Published studies have addressed boundary violations by clinical supervisors, but boundary crossings, particularly those deemed positive by supervisees, have not received much attention. Eleven trainees in APA-accredited doctoral programs in clinical and counseling psychology were interviewed regarding positive boundary crossings (PBCs) they experienced with clinical supervisors. Interview data were analyzed using Consensual Qualitative Research. Examples of PBCs included socializing with supervisors outside the office, sharing car rides, and supervisor self-disclosure. Typically, supervisees did not discuss the PBC with their supervisors because they were uncomfortable doing so, felt that the PBC was normal, or felt that processing such issues was not part of the supervisor’s style. Most supervisees viewed the PBCs as enhancing the supervisory relationship and their clinical training; however, some participants reported that the PBCs created role confusion. The results suggest that there are legitimate reasons for supervisors to be scrupulous about their boundaries with supervisees; however, supervisors who hold rigid boundaries can deprive supervisees of deeper mentoring relationships or a more authentic emotional relationship that can be valuable to supervisees learning how to provide psychotherapy